Iimpawu zobugcisa zei-polyacybuslamInqanaba le-molecular le-moley, isidanga se-hydrolysis, isidanga se-ionic, umxholo we-monomer ongumonakalo, ngoko ke gweba uMgangatho wePam unako ukugwetywa kwezi zikhombisi!
I-01Ubunzima bemolekyuli
Ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-PAM buphakame kakhulu kwaye buphuculwe kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.UPam, owawusetyenziswa ngo-1970s, wayenobunzima bezigidi zemolekyuli. Ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1980, ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-PAM efanelekileyo yayingaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-15, kwaye ezinye zafikelela kwizigidi ezingama-20. "Elinye lala maforamu ye-PAM ifakwe i-polymermer ukusuka kwikhulu elingaphezulu kwekhulu le-abryside okanye i-sodium acrylates (i-sodium ye-acrysales inobunzima obuyi-71, kwaye i-pam nekhulu lamawaka ezigidi)."
Ngokubanzi, i-pam kunye nobunzima obuphezulu bunentsebenzo engcono yokusebenza, kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli ye-71 ye-abryside kunye ne-7.1 yezigidi zepam equkethe i-100,000 kwimingxunya ye-100,000. Ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-polyacrylasside kwaye i-supersuves isuka kumawakawaka ezigidi ezili-10, ngokobunzima bemolekyuli (i-1 yezigidi), ubunzima bemolekyuli ephakathi (ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-15).
Ubunzima bemolekyuli yezinto eziphilayo ze-macromolecular, nokuba kwimveliso efanayo ayifani, ubunzima bomthombo wamandla obolileyo ngumndilili.
02Inqanaba le-hydrolysis kunye nenqanaba le-ion
Inqanaba le-ionic le-PAM linempembelelo enkulu kwiziphumo zalo zokusetyenziswa, kodwa ixabiso layo elifanelekileyo lixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nohlobo lwendalo ephathwe, kuya kubakho amaxabiso ahlukeneyo aphezulu phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba amandla e-Ionic yokuphathwa kwempahla iphezulu (equkethe izinto ezingaqhelekanga), inqanaba le-Ionic le-PAM kufuneka liphezulu, ngokuchaseneyo, libe liphantsi. Ngokubanzi, inqanaba le-anaion libizwa ngokuba yinqanaba le-hydrolysis. Kunye ne-Ionic Degree ngokubanzi ibhekisa kwiisakhiwo.
I-ionicy = n / (m + n) * 100%
I-PAM eveliswe ekuqaleni kwakuphakanyisiwe kwi-monomer ye-polyocrylamlam, eyayingenayo iqela le-conaona. Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, i-nah kufuneka yongezwe kwaye ifudusele kwi-Hydrolyze inxalenye yeqela le--Cona. I-equation imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
-Ch2 + Hayi Hayi Nah → ona + ↑
Igesi yase-Ammonia ikhutshwa ngexesha le-hydrolysis. Inxalenye yeqela le-Amide ye-Hydrolysis ePam ibizwa ngokuba yinqanaba le-hydrolysis ye-dam, eyinqanaba le-anaion. Ukusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lwePam akulunganga, kwaye ukusebenza kulihlwempu (ukufudumeza kwe-hydrolysis kuya kwenza ubunzima bemolekyuli kunye nokusebenza kwe-pam), kusetyenziswe kusetyenziswe i-1980s.
Ukuveliswa kwale mihla kunemveliso eyahlukeneyo ye-anisess digrion, umsebenzisi unokusuka kwimfuno kwaye ngolu vavanyo ukukhetha iintlobo ezifanelekileyo, akufuneki ukuba isetyenziswe i-hydrolysis, emva kokuba isetyenziswe.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu zomkhwa, abanye abantu basabhekisa kwinkqubo yokutshintsha kwe-Doldrolysis. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba intsingiselo ye-hydrolysis kukungalunganga kwamanzi, eyona nto uyithethayo yekhemikhali. I-hydrolysis ye-dam inegesi ekhutshiweyo; Ukupheliswa yintshukumo yomzimba kuphela, ukungasabelanisi. Ezi zinto zimbini zahlukile kwaye akufuneki zidideke.
03Umxholo weSonomer
Umxholo wentsalela entsalela ye-PAM ibhekisa kumxholo weI-Acrylamen MonomerKwi-acryside polymerization kwi-polyacrylacyside kwinkqubo yokusabela ngokupheleleyo kwaye ekugqibeleni ihlumelo kwiimveliso ze-acrysamide. Yiparamitha ebalulekileyo yokulinganisa ukuba ifanelekile ukuba ilungele ishishini lokutya. I-Polyacrylamlasside ayinatyhefu, kodwa i-acryside inesityhakala. Kwi-polyacryracrylamlay yasePolyacrylamide, kunzima ukuphepha ukuphepha intsalela yentsalela ye-ACrymide engekho mthethweni. Ke ngoko, umxholo wesandla sentsalela ngaphakathiIimveliso zePamkufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo. Isixa se-monomer entsalela kwi-PAM esisetyenziselwa ukusela amanzi kunye neshishini lokutya alivumelekanga ukuba ligqithe kwi-0.05% kwilizwe liphela. Ixabiso leemveliso zangaphandle ezidumileyo zingaphantsi kwe-0.03%.
04i-viscofity
Isisombululo se-PAM sisimo se-viscous kakhulu. Ukuphakama kobunzima bemoyam ye-pim, kokukhona i-viscosity yesisombululo. Kungenxa yokuba i-pum macromolecules inde, amakhonkco amancinci anokumelana kakhulu ukuze ahambe isisombululo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokubonisa kukubonisa ubungakanani bamandla embambano kwisisombululo, okwaziwa ngokuba yingqungquthela yangaphakathi. Uhlobo lwesisombululo sazo zonke iintlobo ze-polymer into ye-polymer iphezulu kwaye inyuke ngokunyuka kwesisindo se-molecular. Indlela yokuchonga ubunzima bemoyam ye-polymer ye-polymer, kukufumanisa ukubaluleka kokuxinezeleka okuthile kwesisombululo phantsi kweemeko ezithile, emva koko ngokwendlela yokubala isisindo esithile, esaziwa ngokuba ngumthwalo wemolekyuli.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJan-12 ukuya ku-1223