Iimpawu zobugcisa zepolyacrylamidengokuqhelekileyo ubunzima bemolekyuli, i-hydrolysis degree, i-ionic degree, i-viscosity, umxholo we-monomer eseleyo, ngoko ke ugwebe umgangatho we-PAM unokugwetywa kwezi zalathi!
01Ubunzima beMolekyuli
Ubunzima be-molecular PAM buphezulu kakhulu kwaye buphuculwe kakhulu kwiminyaka yamuva.I-PAM, eyayisetyenziswa ngeminyaka yee-1970, yayinobunzima bemolekyuli bezigidi. Ukususela ngo-1980, ubunzima be-molecular ye-PAM esebenzayo yayingaphezulu kwe-15 yezigidi, kwaye ezinye zafikelela kwi-20 yezigidi. “Nganye kwezi molekyuli zePAM zenziwe ipolymer ukusuka kwiimolekyuli zeacrylamide okanye sodium acrylate ezingaphezu kwekhulu lamawaka (iacrylamide inobunzima bemolekyuli obungama-71, yaye iPAM enekhulu lamawaka eemonomers inobunzima bemolekyuli obuzizigidi ezisi-7.1).”
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-PAM enesisindo esiphezulu se-molecular ine-flocching engcono yokusebenza, kunye ne-molecular weight 71 ye-acrylamide kunye ne-7.1 yezigidi ze-PAM equkethe i-100,000 monomers. Ubunzima bemolekyuli yepolyacrylamide kunye nezithako zayo ukusuka kumakhulu amawaka ukuya ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-10, ngokutsho ubunzima beemolekyuli zinokwahlulwa zibe bubunzima obuphantsi bemolekyuli (ngaphantsi kwesigidi esi-1), ubunzima bemolekyuli ephakathi (isigidi esi-1 ukuya kwe-10), ubunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli. (10 million ukuya 15 million), super molecular weight (ngaphezu kwe-15 million).
Ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-macromolecular organic matter, nakwimveliso efanayo ayifani ngokupheleleyo, ubunzima bemolekyuli buphakathi kwayo.
02Iqondo le-hydrolysis kunye neqondo le-ion
I-ionic degree ye-PAM inempembelelo enkulu kwimpembelelo yokusetyenziswa kwayo, kodwa ixabiso layo elifanelekileyo lixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nohlobo lwezinto eziphathwayo, kuya kubakho amaxabiso afanelekileyo ahlukeneyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba amandla e-ionic ezinto eziphathwayo ziphezulu (eziqulethe izinto ezingaphezulu), i-ionic degree ye-PAM kufuneka ibe phezulu, ngokuchaseneyo, kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi. Ngokubanzi, iqondo leanion libizwa ngokuba liqondo le-hydrolysis. Kwaye idigri ye-ionic ngokubanzi ibhekisa kwiications.
Iocity =n/(m+n)*100%
I-PAM eveliswe kwinqanaba lokuqala i-polymerized ukusuka kwi-monomer ye-polyacrylamide, eyayingenalo iqela -COONA. Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, i-NaOH kufuneka yongezwe kwaye ishushu kwi-hydrolyze inxalenye yeqela -CONH2 ukuya -COONA. Inxaki imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
-CONH2 + NaOH → -COONA + NH3↑
Igesi ye-ammonia ikhutshwa ngexesha le-hydrolysis. Umlinganiselo we-amide yeqela le-hydrolysis kwi-PAM ibizwa ngokuba yi-degree of hydrolysis ye-PAM, eyinqanaba le-anion. Ukusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lwe-PAM alufanelekanga, kwaye ukusebenza kakubi (ukufudumeza i-hydrolysis kuya kwenza ubunzima be-molecular kunye nokusebenza kwe-PAM kunciphe kakhulu), kunqabile ukusetyenziswa ukususela kwi-1980s.
Imveliso yanamhlanje ye-PAM ineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ze-anion degree, umsebenzisi unako ngokwemfuno kunye novavanyo lwangempela lokukhetha iindidi ezifanelekileyo, akufuneki ukuba i-hydrolysis, emva kokuchithwa kungasetyenziswa.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu zomkhwa, abanye abantu basabhekisa kwinkqubo yokupheliswa kweeflocculants njenge-hydrolysis. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba intsingiselo ye-hydrolysis kukuchithwa kwamanzi, okuyi-chemical reaction. I-hydrolysis ye-PAM inegesi ye-ammonia ekhutshwe; Ukupheliswa sisenzo somzimba kuphela, akukho mpendulo yeekhemikhali. Ezi zimbini zahluke kakhulu kwaye akufanele zibhideke.
03Umxholo wemonomer eshiyekileyo
Umxholo wemonomeri oshiyekileyo wePAM ubhekisa kumxholo weacrylamide monomakwi-acrylamide polymerization kwi-polyacrylamide kwinkqubo yokusabela okungaphelelanga kwaye ekugqibeleni intsalela kwiimveliso ze-acrylamide. Yiparameter ebalulekileyo ukulinganisa ukuba ifanelekile na kwishishini lokutya. I-Polyacrylamide ayinayo ityhefu, kodwa i-acrylamide inetyhefu ethile. Kwimizi-mveliso ye-polyacrylamide, kunzima ukunqanda umkhondo oshiyekileyo we-acrylamide monomer engafakwanga. Ke ngoko, umxholo wemonomer eseleyo kwiIimveliso zePAMkufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo. Isixa se-monomer eseleyo kwi-PAM esetyenziselwa amanzi okusela kunye neshishini lokutya alivumelekanga ukuba lidlule i-0.05% kumazwe ngamazwe. Ixabiso leemveliso ezidumileyo zangaphandle lingaphantsi kwe-0.03%.
04i-viscosity
Isisombululo sePAM sibonakala kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwe-molecular weight PAM, i-viscosity enkulu yesisombululo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ii-macromolecules zePAM zinde, amatyathanga amancinci anokumelana okukhulu nokuhamba ngesisombululo. Undoqo we-viscosity kukubonakalisa ubungakanani be-friction force kwisisombululo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-coefficient ye-friction yangaphakathi. I-viscosity yesisombululo sazo zonke iintlobo ze-polymer organic matter iphezulu kwaye iyanda ngokunyuka kwe-molecular weight. Indlela yokumisela ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-polymer organic matter, kukumisela i-viscosity yoxinaniso oluthile lwesisombululo phantsi kweemeko ezithile, kwaye ngoko ngokwefomula ethile ukubala ubunzima bayo bemolekyuli, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "viscose avareji ubunzima bemolekyuli".
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-12-2023