Xa ucinga yakhoukucocwa kwamanzi amdakainkqubo, qala ngokumisela into ekufuneka uyisuse emanzini ukuze uhlangabezane neemfuno zokukhutshwa. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo lweekhemikhali, unokususa i-ion kunye nezinto ezincinci ezinyibilikisiweyo emanzini, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo. Imichiza esetyenziswa kwizityalo zokucocwa kwelindle ikakhulu ibandakanya: isilawuli se-pH, i-coagulant,flocculant.
I-Flocculant
I-flocculants isetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kunye nezicelo zokunceda ukususa izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo kumanzi amdaka ngokugxilisa ukungcola kumaphepha okanye "iifloksi" ezidada phezu komhlaba okanye zihlale phantsi. Zisenokusetyenziswa ukuthambisa ikalika, ukugxila eludaka kunye neziqina ezinomanzi. Iiflocculants zendalo okanye zeminerali ziquka i-silica esebenzayo kunye ne-polysaccharides, ngelixa i-synthetic flocculants iqhelekile.polyacrylamide.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwintlawulo kunye nokubunjwa kweekhemikhali zamanzi amdaka, i-flocculants ingasetyenziselwa yodwa okanye idibene ne-coagulants.Iiflocculants zahlukile kwi-coagulantskuba zidla ngokuba ziipolima, kanti iicoagulants zidla ngokuba ziityuwa. Ubungakanani babo be-molecular (ubunzima) kunye nokuxinwa kwentlawulo (ipesenti yeemolekyuli ezineentlawulo ze-anionic okanye ze-cationic) zinokuhluka "ukulinganisela" ukuhlawuliswa kwamaqhekeza emanzini kwaye kubangele ukuba badibanise kunye kunye nokunciphisa amanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-anionic flocculants isetyenziselwa ukubamba iincinci zamaminerali, ngelixa i-cationic flocculants isetyenziselwa ukubambisa iincinci zezinto eziphilayo.
PH umlawuli
Ukususa isinyithi kunye nezinye izingcolisi ezinyibilikisiweyo kumanzi amdaka, umlawuli we-pH unokusetyenziswa. Ngokunyusa i-pH yamanzi, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa inani le-oni ye-hydroxide engalunganga, oku kuya kubangela ukuba ii-ion zetsimbi ezihlawulweyo zibophene nezi ionni zehydroxide ezichajiwe kakubi. Oku kubangela ukuhluzwa kweentsimbi ezixineneyo nezinganyibilikiyo.
I-Coagulant
Kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka ephatha izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo, iicoagulants zinokudibanisa ungcoliseko olumisiweyo ukuze lususwe lula. Iikhemikhali zokujiya ezisetyenziselwa ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso zahlulwe zaba lunye lwezintlu ezimbini: eziphilayo kunye ne-inorganic.
I-inorganic coagulants inexabiso elisebenzayo kwaye ingasetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Zisebenza ngokukodwa ngokuchasene namanzi akrwada ayo nayiphi na i-turbidity ephantsi, kwaye esi sicelo asifanelekanga kwi-coagulants ye-organic. Xa zongezwa emanzini, i-inorganic coagulants esuka kwi-aluminiyam okanye i-iron precipitate, ifunxa ukungcola emanzini kwaye ihlambulule. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yindlela yokutshayela kunye ne-flocculate. Ngelixa isebenzayo, inkqubo inyusa inani elipheleleyo le-sludge ekufuneka isuswe emanzini. I-coagulants eqhelekileyo ye-inorganic ibandakanya i-aluminium sulfate, i-aluminium chloride, kunye ne-ferric sulfate.
I-Organic coagulants ineenzuzo zedosi ephantsi, ukuveliswa kwe-sludge encinci kwaye akukho mpembelelo kwi-pH yamanzi ahlambulukileyo. Imizekelo ye-organic coagulants eqhelekileyo ibandakanya i-polyamines kunye ne-polydimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, kunye ne-melamine, i-formaldehyde kunye ne-tannins.
umgca wethu we-flocculants kunye ne-coagulants yenzelwe ukuphucula unyango lwamanzi amdaka kunye nokunciphisa iindleko ezipheleleyo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo zokucutshungulwa kwamaminerali, ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yeekhemikhali zokunyanga amanzi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-15-2023